![]() ![]() ![]() Because these findings were based on single meals of limited food choice, they may be poor representations of overall energy and nutrient intake and instead reflect food intake phenotypes/behaviors. Genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental factors were reported to have an influence on total caloric intake of 33, 48, and 19 %, respectively. ( 1999), who measured ad libitum food intake under controlled conditions using buffet-style lunches during laboratory sessions. For the most part, the remainder of variance is attributed to non-shared environmental influences, with the shared (familial) environment reportedly contributing minimal, if any, effects (de Castro 1993 Hasselbalch et al. The magnitude of genetic effects is heterogeneous among studies they generally explain about 20–40 % of the variance in energy and macronutrient intake (Rankinen and Bouchard 2006). 1999) and energy and macronutrient intake (de Castro 1993 Faith et al. Evidence for heritable influences on food consumption (Breen et al. Better understanding of the linkage between genes, environment, and nutritional intake and deficiencies can clarify behavioral and physical outcomes, potentially informing risk reduction, primary prevention, and intervention strategies.Ī growing body of twin studies has examined the role of genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in food preferences and intake. ![]() Findings on vitamin and mineral intake are novel and are particularly beneficial for further research on the contribution of micronutrients to individual physical health status. Consistent with previous studies, the shared environment appeared to contribute little to nutritional intake. Structural equation modeling revealed that genetic influences accounted for a significant portion of the total variance in total energy (48 %), macronutrients (35–45 %), minerals (45 %), and vitamins (21 %). Twin pairs ( N = 358 age 11–13 years) provided 3-day food intake diaries, which were assessed for intake of total energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients. The purpose of this study is to improve the existing literature on genetic and environmental influences on energy and nutrient intake by addressing these gaps. Little research on this topic to date has included examination of micronutrient intake. However, the present literature is weakened somewhat by methodological flaws (e.g., overreliance on self-report questionnaires), discrepancies in statistical approaches, and inconsistent findings. The relationship between genetic and the environment represents a pathway to better understand individual variations in nutrition intake and food preferences. ![]()
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